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Types of Computer Networks?

Before getting into detailed about any other concepts. Lets learn few Networking concepts


What is a Computer Network?


Computer network refers to interconnected computing devices that can exchange data and share resources with each other. A computer network is a set of devices connected through links for sharing the data. Lets say when two devices are connected to each other they are in network. Computer networks make it very easy to communicate.


The four efficient means of data communication


Delivery :  The system must deliver data to the correct destination without any interruption.

Accuracy :  The system must deliver the data accurately 

Timeliness : The system must deliver data in a timely manner. Data delivered late are useless. 

Jitter : Jitter refers to the variation in the packet arrival time. If some of the packets arrive with 30-ms delay and others with 40-ms delay, an uneven quality in the video is the result.


A data communications system has five components 


Message :  The message is the information (data) to be communicated.

Sender :  The sender is the device that sends the data message.

Receiver : The receiver is the device that receives the message.

Transmission medium : The transmission medium is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver.

Protocol : A protocol is a set of rules that govern data communications. In a protocol, two devices may be connected but not communicating.


Types of  Computer Network based on size 


Each network differs in their characteristics such as distance, transmission speed, cables and cost.


LAN : A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home, school, office building, or closely positioned group of buildings. 


WAN : A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that combines many types of media such as telephone lines, cables, and airwaves.


MAN : A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a large computer network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic region of the size of a metropolitan area.


GAN : A global area network (GAN) is a network used for supporting mobile users across an arbitrary number of wireless LANs, satellite coverage areas, etc. 


HAN : A home area network (HAN) is a residential LAN used for communication between digital devices typically deployed in the home, usually a small number of personal computers and accessories, such as printers and mobile computing devices. 


PAN : A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network for interconnecting electronic devices within an individual person's workspace. A PAN provides data transmission among devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets and personal digital assistants.

Example Bluetooth uses short-range radio waves.


VPN : A virtual private network (VPN) is an overlay network in which some of the links between nodes are carried by open connections or virtual circuits in some larger network (e.g., the Internet) instead of by physical wires.

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